Smartphones have become essential tools in our daily lives. However, their production, use, and end-of-life disposal have a significant environmental impact. Behind these devices that connect us to the world lies an often underestimated ecological footprint. This article explores the environmental consequences of smartphone manufacturing, the average lifespan of these devices compared to their actual replacement rate, and highlights solutions—particularly refurbished phones—to reduce their impact.

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The manufacturing of smartphones: A high environmental cost

Producing a smartphone relies on the extraction of rare natural resources and highly polluting industrial processes. Key elements in their manufacturing include:

• Rare earth elements and strategic metals: Coltan, indium, lithium, and cobalt are essential for battery production and electronic components. Their extraction leads to massive deforestation, ecosystem destruction, and severe soil and water pollution.
• A significant carbon footprint: Studies indicate that manufacturing a smartphone generates between 50 and 100 kg of CO2, accounting for more than 80% of its total environmental impact throughout its lifecycle.
• Precarious social conditions: The mining of materials needed for smartphones often involves harsh working conditions, and in some regions, even child labor.
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Average lifespan vs. Smartphone replacement rate

While a smartphone could technically last between 5 and 7 years, the reality is quite different. On average, users replace their phones every 18 to 24 months. This trend is mainly driven by:

• Planned obsolescence: Some brands design their products with a limited lifespan, making repairs difficult or expensive.
• Software updates: Many models are no longer supported by updates after a few years, leading to slow performance and software obsolescence.
• Marketing strategies: Manufacturers encourage consumers to purchase the latest models through attractive advertising campaigns and upgrade offers.

This frequent renewal cycle generates mountains of electronic waste. Unfortunately, only 15% of smartphones are effectively recycled, while the rest often end up in illegal landfills or informal resale circuits.

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Extending smartphone lifespan: A key solution

To minimize the environmental impact of smartphones, adopting good practices to extend their usage is crucial:

• Use protective cases and screen covers: Drops or cracks can render a device unusable. Proper maintenance helps avoid damage.
• Prioritize repairs: Opting for repair instead of replacement extends the lifespan of devices. Some brands are now making spare parts more accessible.
• Optimize battery usage: Avoid overcharging your smartphone and aim for charging cycles between 20% and 80% to extend battery life.
• Recycle old smartphones: Instead of leaving them in a drawer, consider selling, donating, or recycling them through specialized organizations.
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Refurbished phones: A sustainable alternative

The refurbished phone market is growing rapidly and provides a more sustainable and economical alternative. A refurbished smartphone is a used device that has been restored and tested before being resold. The benefits are numerous:

• A reduced environmental footprint: Buying a refurbished phone prevents the need for new device production, saving resources and avoiding additional mineral extraction.
• More affordable pricing: Refurbished smartphones are often 30% to 50% cheaper than new models while delivering comparable performance.
• Guaranteed quality: Unlike second-hand devices, refurbished phones are tested, repaired if necessary, and sold with a warranty.

By choosing a refurbished phone, consumers contribute to a more sustainable and eco-friendly consumption model.

The production and consumption of smartphones pose significant environmental challenges. Given this reality, it is crucial to reduce their impact by extending their lifespan and promoting more sustainable alternatives like refurbished devices. Adopting more responsible consumption habits is essential to preserve our natural resources and reduce pollution from electronic waste.

In this effort, Un1ty supports its clients in renewing their mobile fleets with refurbished smartphones in France, collaborating with local and inclusive partners, including ESAT (Establishments and Services for Work Assistance).

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